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    Transfer Pricing
    United States

    Navigate IRS Section 482 and 6662(e) with strategic certainty. Protect your US operations from substantial valuation misstatement penalties with robust contemporaneous documentation.

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    The US Regulatory Landscape

    The United States maintains one of the world's most sophisticated transfer pricing regimes under Internal Revenue Code Section 482. The IRS utilizes the "Best Method Rule," requiring taxpayers to select the methodology that provides the most reliable measure of an arm's length result.

    Compliance is driven by Section 6662(e), which imposes strict contemporaneous requirements. Documentation is not just a reporting obligationit is a mandatory shield against 20% to 40% accuracy-related penalties during an audit.

    IRS Enforcement Pillars

    Best Method Rule

    Taxpayers must justify why the chosen method (CUP, CPM, Profit Split, etc.) is more reliable than alternatives for the specific transaction.

    30-Day Response

    Upon IRS request, taxpayers have exactly 30 days to produce contemporaneous documentation. No extensions are granted for penalty protection.

    Form 5471/5472

    Mandatory annual reporting of transactions between US corporations and foreign related parties. Penalties for non-filing start at $25,000.

    Penalties & Thresholds

    Section 6662 Penalties

    Avoiding the "Substantial Misstatement" trap.

    Penalties apply if the TP adjustment exceeds the lesser of $5M or 10% of gross receipts:
    20% Penalty: Substantial misstatement.
    40% Penalty: Gross misstatement.

    Contemporaneous documentation is the only way to establish "reasonable cause" and avoid these additions to tax.

    The "Tax Return" Deadline

    Documentation must exist before the return is filed.

    For US entities, documentation must be "in existence" by the time the corporate income tax return is filed (typically April 15 or October 15 with extension).

    IRS agents increasingly verify the "date modified" on digital files to ensure reports weren't created retroactively during an audit.

    Form 8975 (CbCR)

    Threshold for groups over $850 Million.

    US Ultimate Parent Entities of MNE groups with revenue = $850 Million must file Form 8975.

    The report provides the IRS with a breakdown of the group's global income, taxes paid, and indicators of economic activity in each tax jurisdiction.

    Our United States Expertise

    482 Documentation

    Complete Section 6662-compliant studies featuring rigorous Best Method analysis.

    Form 5471/5472 Support

    Ensuring transactional data on informational returns matches the TP economic analysis.

    Benchmarking

    Utilization of Compustat and Orbis databases for high-quality North American comparables.

    IRS Exam Defense

    Managing IDR (Information Document Request) responses and technical interviews.

    Protect Your US Operations

    The IRS is receiving billions in new funding for high-wealth and corporate enforcement. Is your transfer pricing defense ready for the 30-day clock?

    Contact US Team

    For further information on transfer pricing in the United States, please contact:

    Gyan Prakash Srivastava
    Gyan Prakash Srivastava [MBA, LL.B.]

    Leader - South Asia Practice

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    Udit Gupta
    Udit Gupta [MIA, CA]

    Principal - North America Practice

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